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Category: Financiar
Trial balance (Romania)
Quick answer: Monthly accounting summary that confirms debits equal credits and feeds every Romanian tax filing (D300, D394, D112, SAF-T).
Key takeaways
- All legal entities keeping double-entry bookkeeping
- Generated monthly, by the 25th of the following month (alongside D300/D394)
- Kept for 10 years under the Romanian Accounting Law 82/1991
What the trial balance is
The trial balance is the monthly accounting summary that lists every account in the chart of accounts with its opening balance, period movements (debit + credit) and closing balance. Its double role: (1) prove the arithmetic — total debits must equal total credits; (2) be the source for the VAT return (D300), recapitulative (D394), payroll declaration (D112), SAF-T and the annual balance sheet.
Who prepares it and when
All legal entities keeping double-entry bookkeeping
Generated monthly, by the 25th of the following month (alongside D300/D394)
Kept for 10 years under the Romanian Accounting Law 82/1991
Common types
Standard trial balance — sub-account level with opening/closing balances
Sum-and-balance trial — adds year-to-date cumulative movements
Per cost center / project / branch — for management reporting
How it is produced in common tools
Saga C / Saga Soft → *Reports → Trial balance → A4 layout* (PDF/Excel export)
SmartBill / Oblio → *Accounting reports* section (in packages that include accounting)
WinMentor / NexusERP → accounting module, monthly batch run
Common mistakes
1. „Trial balance does not match D300” — happens when the balance is generated before month-end VAT closing entries. Run the *VAT closing* posting first.
2. „Open balances on 473 / 471” — transit accounts should close to zero at month-end. A balance on 473 means unposted invoices; a balance on 471 means unsettled advances.
3. „ERP balance differs from accounting software balance” — without automatic ERP ↔ accounting sync, balances drift by 1-3%, breaking the D394 cross-check.
Where Azuvio fits
Azuvio does not replace Saga, SmartBill or Oblio — your accounting tool stays the source of truth for the trial balance. Azuvio extracts operational invoices (from OMS, WMS, EDI, e-commerce) and pushes them automatically into your ERP / accounting tool so the trial balance is complete and correct on first run. Your accountant keeps Saga; you save 8 hours/month of manual entry.
Frequently asked
- What is the difference between trial balance and balance sheet?
- **Trial balance** is monthly and lists balances on every account (control tool). **Balance sheet** is annual (31 December) and groups balances into Assets / Liabilities (statutory filing at the Romanian Trade Registry).
- Can I keep the trial balance in Excel instead of Saga?
- Technically yes, but not advisable above ~100 transactions/month. Formula errors, file-loss risk and lack of audit trail make it unfeasible at volume. Saga, SmartBill, Oblio or any ERP produce the balance automatically.
- How do I verify my trial balance is correct?
- **Total debit = Total credit** on the last line. Transit accounts (471, 473, 408, 418) should be ~0. VAT accounts (4423/4424) must match the D300 return.
- Does Azuvio produce the trial balance for me?
- No. The balance remains the responsibility of your accounting tool (Saga, SmartBill, Oblio, WinMentor). Azuvio guarantees that **every operational invoice** lands in that tool complete and on time, so the balance is correct without manual work.
Related terms
- General journal (Romania) — Mandatory Romanian accounting register listing every economic transaction chronologically — the foundation of double-entry bookkeeping.
- Sales journal (Romania) — Mandatory accounting register listing every issued invoice chronologically, with VAT base and output VAT — the primary source for D300 and D394.
- Purchases journal (Romania) — Mandatory Romanian accounting register listing every supplier invoice received, with deductible VAT — the primary source for recoverable VAT through D300.
- VAT return (D300) — The Romanian return (form 300) where VAT payers report output VAT, input VAT and the resulting VAT payable or refundable.
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